Mar
20
2010

First and Second Person Pronouns

In Japanese, first and second pronouns are frequently omitted, but just for review, here are some of the most common first and second person pronouns : (Note: because of the complexity of the Japanese language, i.e. politeness, gender, context etc. not all of the possible pronouns are listed below. However, this is a pretty comprehensive list)

わたし/ = I (formal). Can be used by males and females.

おれ/ = I (informal). Mostly used by males. Depending on the situation, may be crude to use. Considered overly masculine.

ぼく/ = I (informal). Mostly used by males. When used by females, it gives off a tomboyish impression.

あたし = I (informal). Mostly used by girls in conversation, but not in written communication. When males use it, it might give an impression of effeminateness.

Referring to oneself in the third person by using one’s own name = (informal) is sometimes used by children and young women as a way to sound cute when talking about oneself.  

おいら = I (informal). Used by males, but rarely used because of the stereotype associated with being a country bumpkin.

あなた = singular you. Formality depends on the situation. May be used by married women as a way to address their husbands. Similar to the word “dear” or “honey”.

あんた = singular you (informal). Considered rude.

おまえ/お前 = singular you (informal). Used mostly by men. Avoid using this to superiors/seniors.

てめい = singuar you (informal). Mostly used by males; especially in a confrontational manner just before a fight.

きさま/貴様 = singular you (informal). Mostly used by males, especially when angry.

きみ/ = singular you (informal). It’s rude with superiors, but can be an affectionate term with friends.

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Mar
20
2010

Spreewald

The Spreewald is located between the counties of Spree-Neiße, Dahme-Spreewald and Oberspreewald-Lausitz. It is separated into the bigger Oberspreewald and the Northern, smaller Unterspreewald. Between both partial countryside’s areas the river Spree unites the parts in a small area in the city of Lübben, which is also the biggest town in the Spreewald. The Southern boarder of the Spreewald is the Lausitzer Grenzwall. In the North, the Lieberoser Heide marks the boarder in an impressive and recognizable way.
The Spreewald is also known for its famous Spree Wald Gurken (cucumbers) which have become very famous with the help of the West German economical and financial power after the unification. The city of Cottbus in the state of Brandenburg promotes the cucumbers that grow in the Spreewald in a very efficient way. The Spreewald County was able to promote its uniqueness and advantages within a newly developed tourist industry that has emerged in Germany and the rest of Europe in a very impressive way. There is actually a movement that cherishes the area of the Spreewald and promotes it throughout the rest of the country and the continent. The Spreewald is especially popular in Eastern Europe.

Even though the area of the Spreewald has to struggle with huge numbers of unemployment with percentages of over 20% in some areas, it benefits from the tourist industry that focuses on the myth and atmosphere that is connected with the Spreewald. The people are known as being stubborn, simple, but honest. The Spreewald was not as fortunate as the bordering state of Saxony which can present very successful industries and economical developments. Brandenburg and the Spreewald have become the Ruhrgebiet of East Germany. If anybody visits Germany and includes the usual destinations like the Oktoberfest or Heidelberg, I can only recommend seeing other parts of Germany as well, and the Spreewald should definitely be part of it.

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Mar
19
2010

Alice nel Paese delle Meraviglie

What with the recent release of Tim Burton’s hallucinogenic “Alice in Wonderland,” it’s worth pointing out that the Italian translation is Alice nel Paese delle Meraviglie. Some of the personaggi (characters) include:

Cappellaio Matto–Mad Hatter
Coniglio Bianco–White Rabbit
Regina di Cuori–Queen of Hearts
Re di Cuori–King of Hearts
Finta Tartaruga–Mock Turtle
Bruco–Caterpillar
Gatto del Cheshire– Cheshire Cat
Duchessa Brutta–The Ugly Duchess
Bill la lucertola–Bill the Lizard
Ghiro–Dormouse

Alice nel Paese delle Meraviglie originally appeared on About.com Italian Language on Monday, March 15th, 2010 at 02:52:39.

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Mar
19
2010

Gesture of the day – part 3

It’s time to interpret yet another of those intriguing gestures that we Italians use, and today I’m going to look at one that my uncle Luciano, who is originally from Rome, uses a lot. But before I describe the gesture I need to give you a bit of background information.

Fregarsene

The verb fregarsene means to ‘not give a damn about something’. Let’s say that it is a ‘stronger’ way of saying ‘non mi importa’ (‘it doesn’t matter to me’, or ‘I don’t care’). We even have the typically Italian term ‘menefreghismo’ (‘not to give a damnism’)

The construction of this verb is a little bit confusing, especially as there are two different ways of using it. Here is how it works:

Variation 1.

me ne frego – I don’t give a damn

te ne freghi – you (informal) don’t give a damn

se ne frega – he/she doesn’t give a damn

ce ne freghiamo – we don’t give a damn

ve ne fregate – you (plural) don’t give a damn

se ne fregano – they don’t give a damn

Notice that because it is me or you who is ‘not giving a damn’ the ending of the verb fregare changes accordingly, i.e. io frego,  tu freghi, noi freghiamo etc.

Variation 2.

non me ne frega niente – it doesn’t bother me at all

non te ne frega niente -  it doesn’t bother you (singular informal) at all

non gliene frega niente – it doesn’t bother him/her at all

non ce ne frega niente – it doesn’t bother us at all

non ve ne frega niente – it doesn’t bother you (plural) at all

non gliene frega niente – it doesn’t bother them at all

Warning: you may need to read this next sentence a couple of times before it makes sense!

In this variant, because it is not me that is ‘not bothering’ or ‘giving a damn’ but someone/something else that ‘doesn’t bother me’ fregare is only used in the third person singular (frega), even when the thing that doesn’t bother me is plural, e.g ‘non me ne frega niente di quelle vecchie scarpe, buttale via!’ (I don’t give a damn about those old shoes, throw them away!).

We also say: ‘cosa me ne frega’ (what do I care), ‘cosa te ne frega’ (what do you care) etc.

Il gesto (the gesture):

1. lift your chin as if making a gesture of disdain.

2. imagine that an annoying fly has just landed under you chin and, raising your hand with the palm towards your body, use the backs of you finger tips and nails to brush the fly away with an outward sweeping motion (ladies with long nails or men with bushy beards please take care when practicing this gesture).

This definitely works best if you think to yourself whilst practicing: ‘huh, what a load of rubbish’,  ‘who cares!’, or best of all ‘me ne frego!’

Divertitevi!

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Mar
19
2010

¡Carnavales!

This last month has been a busy one, not only for the celebration of St. Valentine’s day all over the world, or the beginning of the Chinese New Year, this year in honor to the tiger, but also for the celebration of the Carnival: most of us know about the parades in Brazil, and the masks in Venice, but I’d like to introduce you to the “chirigotas” of Cádiz, a typical Andalusian celebration!

Although the carnival tradition goes back several centuries before Christianity, it was adopted as a prelude to Lent, the forty days of penance before the Holy Week. During these holidays it was “Don Carnal” who governed, and he was allowed to satisfy all mundane appetites, until “Doña Cuaresma” arrived implanting the fasting and abstinence.

In Cádiz, these moments of freedom are used today to create a satire of the social reality and politics of the year. Disguises and masks are used as in other cities, but the real essence of these carnivals  are the “chirigotas“,  invented musical jests that are the instrument that the gaditanos (natives from Cádiz) use as sharp weapons to criticize all that  angers them. Groups of 7 to 15 men form these “chirigotas” (I’m afraid that to date only men can take part in the official jests) singing in different voices and accompanied by guitarras, bandurrias, tambores, cajones, mirlitones, guiros, etc.

There are several compositions included in their repertory: the presentation, the pasodobles, the cuplés and the popurríes. The presentation and the popurríes use music from actual and well known songs, but the other ones must be totally original. And all that is accompanied by disguises, staging, and lots of good humor, not only on the part of the members of the “chirigotas” but also from a public eager to enjoy a good laugh!

It would be great to meet you next year in Cádiz to enjoy their Carnavales!

You can see the live performance of “Lo que diga mi mujer” (Whatever my wife says) in this link, and read the lyrics both in Andalusian Spanish and its English translation…

http://libretodecarnaval.blogspot.com/2009/09/lo-que-diga-mi-mujer-in-english.html

Click here to view the embedded video.


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